Instrumentos financieros innovadores para la acción climática: Desafíos y oportunidades de los canjes de deuda por clima en América Latina
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Las crisis de deuda soberana y el cambio climático han emergido como desafíos globales profundamente interconectados. El impacto fiscal de la pandemia del COVID-19 y las consecuencias económicas de la guerra en Ucrania han elevado la deuda pública a niveles históricos, mientras que la frecuencia y la severidad de los desastres climáticos continúan intensificándose. Estas crisis convergentes afectan de manera desproporcionada a los países en desarrollo, al generar un renovado interés en los canjes de deuda por acción climática como una potencial solución política. Este artículo presenta un análisis exhaustivo de dichos mecanismos de canje de deuda, sustentado en una base de datos original que abarca desde sus inicios en los años 80 hasta las iniciativas actuales. Nos enfocamos particularmente en América Latina, una región que ofrece valiosas perspectivas dado su amplia experiencia tanto en crisis de deuda soberana como en canjes de deuda por naturaleza, junto con su alta vulnerabilidad a los impactos del cambio climático.
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